June 24, 2012

Seminar in Review: June, 2012 – Chimoio, Mozambique


The Insight Seminar here in Chimoio is wrapping up, which gives me an opportunity to reflect on what’s happened, good and bad. This is the third seminar we have held in Mozambique and the second Portuguese seminar. It is the first seminar in which I did not act as presenter—instead, Leonard Chetechsi took on the role of presenter. I acted as assistant and coach during and after the seminars. My main rule this time was to coach Leonard on seminar presentation and debrief with him after each session. Leonard is one of our co-workers in Mozambique and was the interpreter for last year’s Portuguese seminar. When I leave, he will be responsible for organizing and leading seminars for the next year.

So how has Leonard been doing? Overall, he’s doing a fantastic job—he’s a natural presenter, and will be invaluable in helping Mozambicans understand the new concepts we are introducing. But generalities are only worth so much, so let’s get into seminar details, what they mean, and why they’re important. For ease of reading, I will break this down by point of interest (this will probably take several blog entries to completely cover):

Point One: Schedule

 We originally were planning for me to present/oversee four to five seminars while I was here. Unfortunately, due to limited funds delaying my departure and car trouble, we ended up with three and a half weeks in Mozambique instead of our original three month plan. This left us with enough time for one seminar. In keeping with our theme of “new scheduling plans”, we decided to implement an experimental seminar schedule—instead of holding the seminar for five eight-hour days, we thought we would try weeknights and weekends. This would give participants time to work during the day. This meant we had to extend the total time of the seminar to two weeks, but we thought it was a fair trade-off.

The result was mixed. While the participants were certainly able to get more work done during the week, the cultural attitude toward time meant that each session started almost an hour late—over ten days, that drops ten hours. In addition, they participants weren’t really keen on coming over the weekend, which meant we lost additional time. Between the two, our total seminar time was cut in half. On the plus side, the participants did have extra time to think through what they were learning. In addition, the participants indicated they wanted to complete the seminar as soon as Leonard gets back from traveling with Al and I back to South Africa. Overall verdict: while the five-day schedule is inconvenient for people, it seems to provide a more complete learning experience with the fewest difficulties.  Leonard wants to conduct the next seminar using the standard schedule.
 

Next Entry: Attendance and Participation

Seminar in Review: June, 2012 – Chimoio, Mozambique (2)

[note: these seminar posts are being posted in reverse order to facilitate easier viewing on the site - this is part 2 of 3]


Point Two: Attendance

Given the radical schedule changes and the fact that our Mozambican associates really have never scheduled a seminar on their own before, our attendance was pretty much what we expected. Our first night saw around six people; over the next few days, we lost a couple of people and gained about four more. By the end of the first week, we were averaging six people a night. The second week, however, saw a decrease in attendance. Whether this was due to a certain amount of miscommunication about what to expect from the seminar or participant fatigue is hard to determine—I am planning on working with Leonard to follow up with the participants to investigate the details. In any case, by the end of the second week, we were down to three people.

While discouraging, this is not unexpected. The seminars are far more complex than many Mozambicans are used to, and it is not unusual for the stress of the material to cause some to give up. 
On the other hand, the miscommunication regarding expectations has been identified and we will be able to better communicate what the seminars are about next time. In Mozambique, many nonprofit organizations have taken to offering people food or money to attend their seminars. The offer is appreciated, of course, but it creates a situation where participants attend not to learn, but to earn.[i]  While this may sound like a nice way to provide poor nationals with money and allow them to learn, all it really does is set an expectation that “classes” equal “stuff.” Thus, seminars and other training are often valued for the prizes, not the education, provided. Once we clarified that our seminar was there to give people tools in the form of information, a few of them lost interest. Others, however, were excited to learn something they actually considered useful, and saw no need to have any other incentive.

Point Three: Participation

Of utmost importance in the seminar is participation by the attendees (which is why I usually call them participants). The seminars don’t just spit out information at the participants—it is important to us that people understand the principles we’re trying to communicate, and are able to apply them to their lives. As a result, the seminar is geared toward a lot of activities to reinforce our ideas. This is especially important in Africa, where most of the participants have never encountered these concepts before.

This, thankfully, was a great success. The participants were very engaged with what we were discussing (even those who were just there because they thought they would get food were interested and participating). There was a definite level of excitement in the group, and we noted not only a steadily increasing level of engagement from the remaining participants, but also an increasing level of excitement. Some of these activities and discussion are quite difficult and complex, and the participants were definitely rising to the challenge. This was exactly what we wanted, and we are extremely happy with the results.

Next Entry: Conclusions



[i] These same organizations often later wonder why there isn’t any long-term impact from their training. Here’s a tip for anyone who is interested in teaching people: if you have to pay people to attend your training, THEY ARE NOT THERE FOR YOUR TRAINING. People do not learn by infection—simply going to a training session does not guarantee participation or retention, and paying your students to attend will only get them in the seat. If anyone out there is considering or has been paying people to attend your training/seminar/workshop, please just stop (note: this does not apply to workforce training by businesses – if you want your employees to know something they don’t you should pay them to learn it). OK, footnote rant over.

Seminar in Review: June, 2012 – Chimoio, Mozambique (3)

[note: these seminar posts are being posted in reverse order to facilitate easier viewing on the site - this is part 3 of 3]

Conclusion:


So overall, how did things go? I think I can safely say that while we are happy with the response from the participants in the seminar, the scheduling and attendance shows that we still need to work on our overall seminar structure here. This was expected, given the difference in culture between where we come from (the U.S.), where the seminar originated (South Africa), and the local culture priorities. One of the major advantages of having Leonard with us is that we can ask him why various things are happening, and he can give us a response that comes from inside the culture. In the end, it will be Leonard[i] who makes the final decisions on how to adapt the material to Mozambique .

One key thing we took away from this session is confirmation that our previous seminars were not some kind of exceptional fluke – these seminars really do have a powerful positive effect on the nationals. The concepts they introduce, while common to many westerners, are virtually unknown here. One example is our session on categories. We spend a fair amount of time explaining what categories are and why they are important. After going through the session, Leonard noted that, while the participants were having a lot of difficulty thinking of things in this new way, they were rising to the challenge, and excited about what they could do with what they have learned. For those of you with strong conceptual backgrounds, I want you to try to think of how you would see the world if you did not understand categorization—then understand this is exactly the case in many Mozambican (and, from other discussion we have had, many African) cultures. 

It isn’t that Mozambicans can’t think in terms of categories, just that no one has ever bothered to teach them about it, and it is not native to their culture. This is why we’re here—concepts like these are critical to developing large-scale economic as well as individual personal development. Mozambique is a place full of potential, and once the Mozambicans are able to see how to take advantage of that potential, we expect great things from this culture.


[i] I should mention that Leonard is acting as a kind of proxy here – we actually have several other Mozambicans we are working with who are working alongside Leonard to refine the seminar in Mozambique, but because of the unfortunate schedule changes, they were not able to be here for this seminar, so I am focusing on Leonard for this account.

June 9, 2012

Making a Way Through Zimbabwe


As I mentioned in my last post, we have made it to Mozambique. The trip up was generally very nice—I hadn’t thought too much about it until I was discussing it with a friend of mine in the U.S. His response was “that’s the kind of thing you should talk about in your blog!” So if you find this uninteresting, go blame him.[1]

With our car out of commission[2] (see last post), we realized that if we were ever going to get to Mozambique and be able to accomplish anything, we were going to need to find an alternate way to get there. Our associate from Moz. had come down to South Africa by bus, so that seemed the most reasonable way to head up. The bus doesn’t actually go to Chimoio, but instead goes to Mutare—a city in Zimbabwe on the  Moz. border that is about 95 kilometers[3] from Chimoio. The plan was to take a bus to Mutare, then cross the border and take another bus to Chimoio. As we went over the details of the plan, we discovered an interesting financial fact: it costs approximately R300 in toll fees and about R1000 in gas to travel from Johannesburg to the boarder of Zimbabwe, while the entire bus ride to Mutare (just under twice that distance) costs…R300 per person. Not only was the bus a viable alternate plan, but it saved us a lot of money! At that point, the bus trip was our confirmed plan B, and if it went well, we thought it might even become our primary means of traveling between Chimoio and JoBerg.

Once we had formally decided to take the bus, we went to get tickets. It turns out that the bus to Mutare is not run by one of the major bus lines that are found in JoBerg’s large bus station. In order to get tickets, we instead traveled to another bus terminal a few kilometers away. We discovered that this was a “national” terminal—that is, it is used primarily by blacks. Al and I were, therefore, a bit of a curiosity, though the only time we were inconvenienced were when the people there saw Al’s beard for the first time and everyone wanted to get a picture with him. After a brief discussion with the very helpful staff of our chosen bus line, we went back to our flat to prepare for our trip the next day.

When we returned to the bus station, we discovered that we had beaten our bus by an hour or so. This gave us some time to watch other people arrive, and generally see how the bus company handled itself. What we discovered was a great amount of commotion that centered around a well-organized system for handling buses and cargo. From the outside, this system might be difficult to see, but when we took the time to consider how many people and how much cargo was being loaded, we realized that the job got done much more quickly than we expected. Our bus was run by a crew of three drivers, who were very helpful in keeping the ignorant Americans[4] out from underfoot. Once the bus was loaded, we went off to the larger and more well-known bus station a few kilometers away to pick up some more passengers and have a complimentary meal—then we hit the road.

Our drivers worked in shifts so that no one would become too tired during the 18-hour ride. The trip was very nice, by just about anyone’s standards.[5] We had a rest stop break about halfway to the Zimbabwe border, and got to the border crossing just after dark. That’s where we encountered our first real obstacle.

We had been informed that the border crossing would take no longer than two hours. To the credit of the bus crew, we did, indeed, get through in two hours—no thanks to Al, myself, and the Zimbabwe immigration office. The crew actually managed to get everyone through the border in about an hour’s time (quite excellent, considering how many people they were moving through). Unfortunately, Al and I were not South African, Zimbabwean, or from any other nearby country—we were from a country the bus company had apparently never had to deal with before. It took several minutes to figure out which form we needed to fill out, who to give it to, who to go to next, and where to finally get the passport stamped so that we could get through. Add to that difficulty our desire to get a double-entry visa and…well…it took a bit of doing. The attitude of the immigration staff was particularly interesting—complete disinterest. Our visas were repeatedly ignored, transferred, checked, ignored, passed over for three or four other entrants, and so forth for about an hour. We got the distinct impression that they were NOT impressed by the Americans.[6] The bus staff was extremely patient and very helpful dealing with the rather unexpected challenges, and managed to get us straightened out in much less time that it would have taken us alone. With their help, we only caused the bus to lose an extra hour at the border (instead of the three or four we would have spent there on our own). Hopefully, going back will be a bit quicker with our double-entry visas.
Once through the border, we took a straight night trip through Zimbabwe to Mutare. We arrived around 6:00 in the morning in an open square that served as a bus station. Our Mozambican associate called a friend of his who owned a taxi we could take to the border. The Mozambican border proved to be our second major obstacle.

Like Zimbabwe, Mozambique has a completely different set of rules for Americans. Our associate, being Mozambican, didn’t require anything to get in—we required a couple of hours to process, including a visa with a photo id (taken at the immigration center). As in Zimbabwe, the staff was less than enthusiastic about dealing with Americans, though in this case, we were generally treated with no less preference than any other person coming through…we were just more trouble for them than most.

After that, it was (relatively) smooth sailing. We walked down to the local bus station, and loaded ourselves and our luggage on a local bus, called a chopa. The chopa was relatively cheap to ride, though the ride itself was a bit more…exciting…than we expected. Apparently, our driver was in a race with some unknown, possibly invisible monster that was going to kill us all if it caught us. At least, that’s what I inferred from his driving. Race car buses aside, the trip was uneventful, and we arrived in Chimoio around 11:00 in the morning.

Our conclusion: yes, the bus is a viable way to get from Chimoio to JoBerg.[7] We expect to get a bit better at handling immigration and customs over time, and the money we save will probably amount to several thousand dollars a year. A final point worth noting: everyone involved in this operation was black. For Americans readers that may not sound like much of a point, but in Africa, I have repeatedly encountered an attitude toward blacks that amounts to: “if they try it, they will break it.”[8] This trip demonstrated that Africans are perfectly capable of handling a complex operation and doing a good job of it. Not that we’re surprised by this, but it is good to have another example in our arsenal to refute the prejudice against African nationals—prejudice we have encountered even from other nationals. The fact is that Africans can and, we believe, eventually will build the kind of economic, social, and political structure necessary to make Africa a world leader in the 21st century.


[1] If, on the other hand, you love this post, feel free to give me all the credit.
[2] Update: our car’s transmission is fixed…but now it won’t shift into 4-wheel drive. Life goes on…
[3] About 62 miles
[4] To anyone from the Americas who is reading this and is not a U.S. citizen: yes, I know you are also an American—unfortunately we poor U.S. citizens don’t have a clever country name (Mexican, Brazilian, etc.) that we can use, so I’m kind of stuck with either U.S. citizen (which is a pain to type) or Americans (which is easier, and much preferred by my lazy typing fingers).
[5] My only note on comfort: the nationals appear to like their in-drive music loud—seeing how I’m the visitor, I consider this less of a problem with service, and more of a problem with my cultural volume preferences
[6] I realize this is difficult to quantify, but our associate from Mozambique seemed to agree about the general attitude of the office staff.
[7] Also, I like footnotes!
[8] Again, difficult to quantify, but definitely a common attitude.

June 5, 2012

Car Troubles: A Summary


Here I am, back in Mozambique. Despite repeated transportation issues, we finally made it. As I reflected on the trouble we’ve encountered the last few weeks, I thought it might be educational to summarize how our original drive to Moz. became a three week stay in JoBerg and an extra $3000[i] in repair expenses. I hope this will help people in the west understand some of the issues you can run into when working in a foreign country on a limited budget.

Back in 2010, we were looking for transportation to get us around Mozambique. Given the states of many of the roads in the country, we knew we would need a 4-wheel drive truck with a good suspension system (some roads have potholes over a foot deep). We also knew this would be an expensive proposition, if we wanted a vehicle that would last. The difficulty in Moz. is that, while you can find vehicles that are relatively inexpensive, none of them really have any durability—that is, cheap cars are cheaply made. After looking around, we found we could get a decent 4-wheel drive vehicle for around $20,000-40,000 dollars, or an extremely cheap 4-wheel drive vehicle for around $4000 dollars. Given the terrain we would be dealing with, the choice was clear: we needed around $40,000 for a solid truck that could handle the environment with a minimum of long-term maintenance. A well-cared for Land Cruiser, for example, would be able to last for hundreds of thousands of kilometers without needing much more than routine maintenance. Unfortunately, this was difficult to communicate to our supporters, who, like many people in the west, suffered from two common misconceptions about Africa: 1) Africa is poor, so things are cheaper, and 2) all you need to handle rough terrain is a 4-wheel drive truck. Sadly, neither idea is true.

The result of these preconceptions, we were encouraged to buy the cheaper option – a 4-wheel drive car that was available for $4000. The car seemed to be in reasonable condition, although the suspension on the vehicle was not really up to what we needed for the roads. It was cheap, however, and that should save us money for other things, right? Plus, the economy back home was doing poorly, and a more economical vehicle should be a good buy, given the limited ability of our supporters to provide donations. We were running out of time—we needed transportation soon, so we made the decision to purchase the $4000 car ( I will refer to it as “Little T” from now on) in December of 2010.

As it turned out, however, saving money on the front end is not always a good savings for the long-term.  The difficulties with Little T turned out to be considerable:
  • The car was a Japanese import, with no local production facilities. This means that every part used to fix the car either had to be scrounged up (for a fee), or imported (for a significant fee).
  • Little T had some suspension issues initially. The Mozambican roads did not help substantially. While Moz. is working hard to improve their infrastructure, the current condition of many the roads ranges from poor to outright dangerous. Within a few months, our suspension system was completely shot, requiring us to replace the shock absorbers and struts—we only had money for the shocks, initially.
  • By the time we were able to repair the struts, the shocks had gone out again – about a month or two later.
  • After repairing the entire suspension, the car lasted another couple of months on the Mozambican roads until the entire system went out again.
  • We took Little T to an off-road specialist shop in South Africa (CRD), and they were able to fix the suspension—by rebuilding part of the frame of the car to accommodate the degree of suspension necessary to survive the Mozambican roads.
  • We haven’t been able to test the new suspension, however, since shortly after getting Little T out of the shop, the transmission went out. This was the most recent issue, and the reason we were stranded in JoBerg for three weeks.
While this list is not exhaustive, I believe it gives a good overview of the kinds of difficulties we have had with this vehicle. About the time we fix one thing, something else breaks.  Given the mileage on the car, it is likely the fuel injector will go next. Altogether, the repairs to the car (this most recent breakdown included) amount to over $20,000. Moreover, the car has spent months in the shop, hampering our efforts in Moz. and South Africa.

To summarize: the last 1.5 years, the car has ended up costing over $24000, and has disrupted months of work in Mozambique and South Africa.

I am not relating this to blame anyone or to relate a sob story about how much trouble the car has caused. I relate this so that people can understand that road conditions and economic factors in African countries frequently require higher-cost, higher-quality vehicles to overcome. Had we initially invested $20,000-$40,000 in a vehicle, we would have substantially fewer repairs and, more importantly, far fewer delays in our work. The fact is, the weaker the infrastructure of a country, the more expensive everything is. I hope that by relaying this people can better understand this truth. I love what we are doing, and I want to be able to do it as effectively and efficiently as possible, but the simple truth is that good work requires good money, and this vehicle has not turned out to be a good use of money.

When the car is repaired this time, we will be taking it back to Moz. There, we will either relegate the car to local use, or simply sell the car to raise funds for a better vehicle. We cannot afford to let Little T’s breakdowns continue to interfere with our work.


[i] All prices are in U.S. dollars